Standardization is an activity aimed at achieving an optimal degree of streamlining in a certain area by establishing provisions for general and repeated application in relation to actual or potential problems.

Depending on the scope, there are standards of different categories: international standard, regional standard, state standard Russian Federation(GOST R), international standard (GOST), industry standards (OST), standards of the scientific and technical society (STO), enterprise standard (STP).

Standardization develops requirements, norms, rules, characteristics, both mandatory and recommended. Standardization ensures the consumer's right to purchase goods good quality as well as the right to safety and comfort at work. An important result of standardization activities is an increase in the degree of compliance of products, processes, services with their functional purpose, the elimination of barriers to trade, and the promotion of scientific and technological progress. Standardization belongs important role in ensuring and regulating the quality of consumer goods. Standardization is aimed at increasing the requirements for product quality, increasing nutritional value food products, more rational use of raw materials, improved packaging and external design of goods. In accordance with the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation", standardization is carried out in order to:

Increasing the level of safety of life or health of citizens, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property, environmental safety, promoting compliance with technical regulations;

Ensuring scientific and technological progress;

Increasing the competitiveness of products, works and services;

Rational use of resources;

Interchangeability of products;

The goals of standardization are also:

Improving the quality of products in accordance with the development of science and technology, with the needs of the population and the national economy;

Assistance in saving human and material resources, improving the economic performance of production;

Elimination of technical barriers in production and trade; ensuring the competitiveness of products in the world market.

In the process of standardization, norms, rules, requirements, characteristics relating to the object of standardization are developed, which are drawn up in the form of a regulatory document.

Regulatory document (according to GOST R-1, 0-92) - a document containing rules, general principles, characteristics relating to certain types of activities or their results, available to a wide range of consumers (users).

Normative support in the field of standardization is based on laws, legislative acts, regulations, technical regulations, standards, specifications, all-Russian classifiers of the technical, economic and social information.

Specifications (TS) are being developed by enterprises and other entities economic activity in the case when it is not expedient to create a standard. The object of TS can be a specific or homogeneous product. The object of technical specifications can be products of a one-time supply, produced in small batches, products manufactured on the basis of new recipes and technologies.

Manufacturers' specifications for supplied products are used not only as technical documents, but also as normative documents, if reference is made to them in contracts between the manufacturer and the consumer for the manufacture and supply of products.

The requirements established by the technical specifications should not contradict mandatory requirements state standards, technical regulations related to this product. Specifications are the most common type normative documentation. TU is subject to accounting registration in the FMC at the location of the enterprise.

TU contains the following sections:

introductory part;

Technical requirements for raw materials, organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of products;

Safety and security requirements environment;

Acceptance rules;

Control methods;

Rules for transportation and storage;

Supplier warranties;

Technical specifications fully meet the goals of adopting technical regulations and standardization, including improving the level of safety, life and health of citizens and nature protection, ensuring scientific and technological progress, increasing the competitiveness of products, and rational use of resources.

Specifications usually result from the development of new products. The requirements for it are not yet regulated in the standards, and even more so in the laws. In this case, TU is the first document of scientific and technological progress and often the basis of the state standard.

The total number of valid technical specifications for folk products is approximately 600 thousand documents. At the same time, approximately 80-85% of food products are produced according to specifications.

Specifications - documents in which a particular manufacturer voluntarily establishes the requirements for the quality and safety of specific products necessary for its identification, quality control and safety during manufacture, storage and transportation.

The technical specifications fully implement the principle of voluntary application of standards, provided for by the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation", since it is convenient and profitable for the developer of technical specifications to use standard requirements for their products, for example, on control methods, acceptance rules, sampling methods, etc.

The technical specifications of the documents contribute to ensuring the goals of conformity assessment of products.

Characteristics for groups of homogeneous products (milk, butter, sausage) can be established in national standards - documents of voluntary use. And a complete set of requirements for specific products manufactured by a specific manufacturer is established in the technical specifications - a document, all the requirements of which are mandatory.

Thus, TS can be considered as “a small technical regulation that ensures the implementation of the goals and principles of technical regulation.

Product certification

Certificate in Latin means "done right" The term "certification" has become known in everyday life and commercial practice relatively. Certification in Russia began in 1993 in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Protection of Consumer Rights", which established the mandatory certification of the safety of consumer goods. In the same year, the Law of the Russian Federation “On Certification of Products and Services” was issued.

In accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On Protection of Consumer Rights" and "On Certification of Products and Services", "Rules for the production and sale of products (services) Catering» Gosstandart of Russia, Roskomtorg and Goskomsanepidnadzor of Russia adopted a joint Decree on mandatory certification in the field of public catering services dated April 13, 1993.

The range of products and services subject to mandatory certification in Russia is determined by the State Standard of the Russian Federation in accordance with the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights" and includes more than 100 groups of products and services.

Foodstuffs:

Meat and meat products;

Egg and egg products;

Fish, fish and other products of the sea;

Bread, bakery and pasta;

Sugar and confectionery;

Fruit and vegetable products and products of its processing

Non-alcoholic, alcoholic drinks;

Tea and spices.

The largest system of mandatory certification is GOST R. This is the first system of mandatory certification. Product certification goes through the following stages:

Applying for certification;

Consideration and decision on the application;

Conclusion of an agreement for certification;

Selection, identification of samples and their testing;

Production check

Analysis of the results obtained, making a decision on the possibility of issuing a certificate;

Issuance of a certificate of conformity;

Inspection control over certified products in accordance with the certification scheme.

Approved types of products that must have a hygienic certificate. These are food raw materials, foodstuffs, food additives, preservatives, materials and products from them that come into contact with food additives. Hygienic certificates of the established form are issued by the bodies of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision. The hygienic certificate confirms compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements, which are also indicators of safety. Therefore, the hygiene certificate can be considered as a duplicate document. Confirming, as well as a certificate of conformity, the safety of food products and raw materials for the consumer.

For products and raw materials of animal origin, the issuance of a certificate of conformity requires the submission of a veterinary certificate (certificate). A prerequisite for obtaining a certificate of conformity is the presence of a fire safety certificate.

3. Environmental protection

For a long time, people have been accustomed to considering nature only as a source of material wealth, as an object of productive activity, not attaching much importance to the fact that nature is at the same time a human habitat, which, in interaction with organic, chemical and biological factors, is capable, under certain conditions, of human health and activity.

Human society uses nature for their needs, significantly changing it.

Therefore, environmental protection is global problem modern man. The future of all mankind depends on the correct solution of this problem.

Agricultural ecology is the science of environmental factors, their influence on the organisms of cultivated plants and animals by human activity for the production of environmentally friendly crop and livestock products.

Solving the problems of nature protection includes a variety of impacts of industrial aspects of enterprises on the environment. Already at the stage of construction of meat processing plants, various factors of environmental imbalance arise, and upon completion of construction, the impact of some of these factors becomes permanent, in addition, new ones arise as a result of the start of the operation of the enterprise. Therefore, the choice of a place for placing new industrial facilities should be made only on the basis of a deep comprehensive analysis of the impact of all possible factors on the environment.

Meat processing enterprises are consumers of a large amount of clean water for production needs. There are too many different areas in factories where water and ice are used. With the growth of production, the technical equipment of the enterprise and the increase sanitary requirements total water consumption increases. Accordingly, the discharge of wastewater, which has a high percentage of pollution, also increases.

A rational solution of environmental problems is possible only through a wide range of practical measures and scientific research for environmental protection.

State of the environment in the Amur watershed.

The Chita region is part of the Amur watershed. The developing industry has had a negative impact on the natural environment in Transbaikalia, new sources of pollution have appeared. Currently, there is a chemical, biological, industrial and agricultural pollution of Transbaikalia. Over the past two decades, the disappearance of small water bodies, the destruction of forests, and soil pollution have been recorded.

The territory of the Chita region is characterized by peculiar features. The climate is sharply continental, the soil is subject to wind and water erosion due to insufficient protection.

Ownerless deforestation, unauthorized hunting causes great harm to the ecosystem of the region. Recently, there has been a tendency for small rivers to dry up. Agriculture, being an important source of food for people and raw materials for industry, is at the same time a powerful factor in human impact on the environment. It especially intensified with the growth of the population, the increase in the power supply, the improvement of agrotechnical methods and selection.

The main agricultural activity of the region is animal husbandry and crop production. Arable lands are subject to wind erosion, pesticides are stored in unequipped warehouses. Heavy tractors compact the soil. Uncontrolled grazing leads to complete loss of vegetation on pastures. Vegetation is destroyed at watering places, which leads to shedding of the coastline and drying up of the river. The absence of standard manure storages also negatively affects the ecological situation in the region. Liquid manure enters the groundwater, pollutes the water-air basin.

Ecological characteristics of the enterprise MP "Aginsky Meat Processing Plant".

Aginsky Meat Processing Plant is located in the eastern part of the village of Aginsky. Distance from the district center is 2 km.

The location of the organization satisfies the requirement of nature conservation, because located outside the water protection zone. Groundwater occurs at a depth of 2.5-4 m, which causes a high risk of various impurities entering the water. There are water intake facilities for drinking and domestic needs.

The meat processing enterprise is engaged in the production of sausages, semi-finished products, canned meat. The range of manufactured products is large.

Aginsky meat-packing plant is removed from the waterway of the river. Yeah, at a distance of 3 km., Therefore, the main sources of water supply are underground groundwater, occurring at a depth of 6-10 meters. The well contributes to the rational use of groundwater, but if the elementary requirements of construction and operational water intake are not observed, it can become a source of chemical and bacteriological contamination of aquifers. The protection of underground groundwater is promoted both by their rational use and by limiting the application of fertilizers to the soil so that excess mineral fertilizers do not get into them without disturbing the water balance.

Ways to improve natural water depends on the properties and requirements that apply to its quality. When cleaning (settling), the organoleptic, physical, chemical and biological properties of water are improved. For sedimentation, water is passed through sedimentation tanks. Settling tanks are natural and artificial.

Ventilation supply exhaust, sufficient, which fully complies with environmental requirements.

Auxiliary production facilities are located on the territory of the enterprise, which are sources of environmental pollution. These include:

1) Boiler room with warehouses of coal and ash, designed to supply heat to the buildings of the meat processing plant and generate steam for technological needs;

2) Refrigeration and compressor shop. Ammonia is released into the atmosphere in case of leaks. To prevent ammonia from accumulating inside the compressor shop, fans are installed. The company uses air-cooled refrigeration chambers, where the air blown by the fan into the chamber takes heat from the product and in the air cooler gives off heat to the refrigerant - "ammonia". In addition to refrigerating chambers, refrigerated cabinets of the ShKh-1.40 type are used, where the product is cooled by moving cold air.

3) Motor transport. During the operation of engines, the following are emitted: lead and its compounds, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur oxide, saturated hydrocarbons. The emission source is recorded as unorganized, in the gate area, emissions from engines when driving through the territory of the enterprise are taken into account. The premises of the warm parking lot are not equipped with a ventilation system and are ventilated through open gates. Therefore, the emission source is fixed as unorganized in the gate area, emissions from the engine when driving through the territory of the enterprise are taken into account.

All substances emitted at the enterprise do not have the ability to undergo chemical transformation.

The sewer network is designed to remove wastewater, which is divided into:

a) conditionally clean (from refrigeration equipment, vacuum apparatus, engine cylinder cooling, etc.)

b) contaminated - household, industrial, after washing floors, panels and equipment.

Networks are designed in production buildings for:

a) industrial wastewater (depending on local conditions, a single network is provided for polluted industrial and conditionally clean water or two separate networks);

b) fecal-economic waters. Fecal-household water is discharged without prior treatment into the sewer.

Another no less dangerous source of environmental pollution is the waste obtained during the analysis in the laboratory. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly monitor their disposal. At the same time, it is forbidden to drain waste acids, alkalis and solvents into the sewer. To collect them, special bottles are installed in the laboratory, where they are collected. As they accumulate, solvents must be distilled twice and reused in work, and acids and alkalis must be neutralized and only then discharged into the sewer.

In the canning shop wastewater are formed during the washing of raw materials, equipment, containers, floors, during cooling of cans after sterilization. They are contaminated with fats, particles of blood and meat. In the manufacture of cans, acidic and alkaline waters are formed, the maximum allowable concentration of substances should be no more than 3%.

Sources of pollution are:

1. Bank washing machine

2. Workshop disinfection

3. Treatment facilities

Agriculture, the most important branch of human production activity, providing it through natural resources food and raw materials for industry. The agricultural sector is the most important area of ​​anthropogenic activity, multifaceted and often negatively affecting the state of natural ecosystems and the alignment of man with nature, most acutely manifested precisely in the field of agricultural production on an industrial basis with the use of energy-intensive and environmentally destructive equipment, high doses of fertilizers and pesticides, large-scale reclamation. Conclusions and recommendations for environmental protection.

Based on the environmental analysis and research that was carried out in the Sagaan-Uula JSC, it can be said that the overall environmental situation in the economy is at an unsatisfactory level, as a result, I recommend the following environmental measures:

1. Grazing must be carried out in places excluding the water protection zone in order to comply with the environmental requirements of environmental protection.

2. To make a watering hole in natural reservoirs in a certain place and at a certain time, to equip the approach of animals to the water, taking into account all environmental requirements.

3. Disinfect livestock buildings to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

4. Carry out preventive measures at sites specially designated for these purposes.

5. Strengthen control over compliance with the requirements of the water protection zone.

6. To increase the productivity of hayfields, overseeding grasses.

7. To reduce the dustiness of farm areas, asphalt roads and install disinfection barriers.

8. To combat soil erosion, carry out - non-moldboard plowing, flat-cutting cultivation, planting forest belts.

9. Reduce the number of landfills and move their places further from the settlement and animal camps, fence and mark with special signs.

The development of state federal regulations and territorial building codes is carried out in accordance with these rules and regulations by research, design and other organizations and associations, as well as creative teams with scientific potential and the necessary experience practical work in the relevant area. The technical committees for standardization and technical regulation in construction (TCS) created by the Ministry of Construction of Russia also participate in the development of documents.

The customer for the development of the document may be the organization entrusted with its adoption, or any other interested organization (enterprise).

The development of standards for enterprises and public associations is carried out in accordance with GOST R 1.4, specifications- in accordance with the instructions of the State Standard of Russia and these rules and regulations.

The development of regulatory documents is carried out in the following stages:

1st stage - organization of document development;

submission of a reasonable application, coordination of the scope of work and conclusion of contracts for their implementation between the customer, the main developer and co-executors. At the conclusion of the contract, the customer approves a brief terms of reference for the development of a regulatory document, which indicates the main goals and objectives of development, stages of work and deadlines for their implementation, co-executing organizations, as well as organizations to which the document is sent for review and approval.

2nd stage - development of a draft document in the first edition;

The development of a draft regulatory document is organized by the main developer and co-executors in a manner agreed between them, ensuring high-quality preparation of the document in time, established by the agreement. The prepared draft document is considered at the scientific and technical council of the main developer and sent for review with an explanatory note. Feedback on the draft document is sent to the developer no later than two months from the date of receipt of the draft. In the absence of feedback from any organizations, the development of the document is continued in accordance with the calendar plan.

3rd stage - preparation of a draft document in the final version of the developer and its submission to the customer;

The preparation of a draft regulatory document for submission for approval is carried out taking into account the feedback received.

To consider comments and proposals on the project, the main developer, if necessary, to consider disagreements, holds a conciliation meeting with responsible representatives of interested organizations.

coordination of federal documents is carried out with federal bodies, documents of subjects of the federation and business entities - with the relevant territorial bodies supervision.

The developer submits the draft regulatory document in three copies, one of which must be the first, with a cover letter and the following documentation in one copy:

an explanatory note to the draft document in accordance with GOST R 1.2 with justifications, data on the results of research work used and on the results of comparing the document with international and foreign standards;

Draft document sent for review and a list of organizations to which the draft document was sent;

Genuine conclusions of organizations to which the document was sent for review and a summary of reviews;

Minutes of the meetings of the STC, the conciliation meeting or the TCC for the consideration of the draft regulatory document;

Original documents confirming the approval of the project by the authorities state supervision and other organizations or a protocol of disagreements (if approval was required by the terms of reference);

Cancellation proposals valid documents or draft amendments to them related to the introduction of a new regulatory document.

4th stage - consideration, acceptance (approval) and registration of the document;

When considering the submitted draft regulatory document, in order to decide on its adoption, it is checked for compliance with the requirements of the legislation and current regulatory documents, the general methodological principles of regulation and standardization, the requirements of these rules and regulations, GSS standards and terms of reference. Based on the results of the review of the document, the developer makes the necessary clarifications to it.

When a regulatory document is adopted, the date of its entry into force is set. At the same time, the documents in exchange for which it was developed are canceled.

5th stage - publication of the document.

Registration, accounting and publication of building codes and regulations, state standards, codes of practice, guidelines, amendments to these documents, as well as registration of territorial building codes is carried out by the Ministry of Construction of Russia in the manner prescribed by it. At the same time, state standards in the field of construction and changes to them are state registration in the bodies of the State Standard of Russia.

Rules for standardization PR 45.02-97

INDUSTRY STANDARDIZATION SYSTEM. PRINCIPLES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGULATORY DOCUMENTS"

Introduced for the first time

Introduction

The dynamic development of communication facilities and services based on the latest achievements of domestic and foreign experience, science and technology can be largely ensured on the way to creating a base in the industry of high-quality regulatory documents (RD) that meet modern requirements.

The development of normative documents of the industry is carried out in accordance with the fundamental standards: GOST R 1.0, GOST R 1.5, OST 45.10, OST 45.59.

These Rules have been developed in connection with the need to clarify separate provisions of the mentioned fundamental standards in order to achieve a common understanding of the specialists involved in the development of ND, the purpose, content and form of presentation of the created documents.

When compiling the Rules, the sources of information given in Appendix B were used.

1 area of ​​use

These Rules provide general principles and methods for the development of regulatory documents * (RD) of the industry.

The rules are intended for organizations (enterprises) and industry specialists involved in the development of standards and other regulatory documents of the industry, as well as organizations (enterprises) and specialists who review and examine drafts of these regulatory documents.

It is also useful to use these Rules for specialists who develop guidance documents, regulations and standards based on the results of research based on recommendations international organizations ITU, ETSI, etc.

2 Abbreviations

ND- normative document

TK- technical task

CST RAS- Scientific Terminology Committee Russian Academy Sciences

ITU- International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

ETSI- European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)

3 General

3.1 Standardization in the industry is carried out in accordance with the Concept of Regulatory and Metrological Support, the standardization program and annual plans.

The standardization program and plans are developed on the basis of proposals from research institutes in the industry that study the problems of developing communication technology and services, both domestically and abroad, as well as communication organizations (enterprises) that implement, build and operate communication technology and provide communication services. users.

3.2 When planning work on standardization, take into account:

normative support of this field of technology and communication services, taking into account the level and trends of scientific and technological development; the concept and programs of integrated state standardization;

work programs of international organizations for standardization.

3.3 Proposals to the program and standardization plans should contain a justification for the need to develop RD, indicating:

products or services to which the RD should apply;

reasons that determine the need for standardization of this object;

used and interrelated standards in a given area of ​​products or services;

estimated terms for the development of ND (beginning and end);

prospective performers, incl. specific specialists, and co-executors of the development.

3.4 The feasibility of developing a RD should be assessed in terms of its social, technical and economic necessity.

The social necessity is that ND should contribute to ensuring safety for human life and health, preserving the environment and property, compatibility and interchangeability of products, etc.

The technical necessity arises from the problems of ensuring the quality of products, works and services in accordance with the level of development of science, engineering and technology, expanding the possibilities in providing users with the required range of communication services, improving the methods, means and accuracy of measurements, etc.

Regulatory documents should promote the development and implementation of material-saving technologies, saving natural, energy and other types of resources.

Normative documents must be acceptable for application. They should establish requirements that can be objectively met and verified.

3.5 Standardization programs and plans should include, as a matter of priority, the development of standards (regulatory documents) aimed at ensuring the safety of the environment, life and health, the safety of property, saving material and other resources, information and technical compatibility.

Of the priority, preference is given to the development of RD, harmonized with international standards and recommendations, promoting the import and export of products, the development and implementation of advanced communication systems and equipment, integration into international communication networks.

First of all, standards for terms and definitions should be harmonized and adopted, the development of which is the most relevant, as well as the most responsible and complex work in the field of standardization.

Standards for products and services that establish requirements for ensuring the safety of the environment, life and health, safety of property, compatibility, interchangeability and quality should be suitable for their application for the purpose of certification.

3.6 It is necessary to avoid duplicating the development of RD for identical objects of standardization at different levels of management. Development of ND for the same objects of standardization at the levels of interstate, state, regional, industry standards, the norms of the State Committee for Radio Frequencies and other documents leads to an excess of regulatory documentation, creating difficulties in their use, possible distortions and reduction or overestimation of requirements during its repeated processing. For example, in the presence of international and state standards for terms and definitions for the resistance or electromagnetic compatibility of technical means, the development of similar industry standards is advisable if it is necessary to take into account the specific features of communication facilities.

However, the development of the same standards (dictionaries, regulations) for specific types of equipment (switching, cross-connect, etc.), or for individual systems (analogue, digital, etc.), is inappropriate, as leading to multiple duplication and possible distortion of terms and definitions for the same concepts.

When introducing the provisions and requirements of international standards and recommendations into domestic normative documents, the creation of a new domestic standard is not a prerequisite. In order to limit the unreasonable expansion of the number of regulatory documents and their duplication, it is necessary to practice updating (revision) of existing standards more often with the subsequent cancellation of the old document.

4 Preparation of TOR and development of draft ND

4.1 Preparation of TOR

4.1.1 When drawing up the terms of reference (TOR) for the development of ND, the subject area in which standardization is supposed to be carried out is specified, sources of information and other documents related to this area are identified. The purpose and objectives of the development should be clearly stated.

4.1.2 In the section "Characteristics of the object of standardization" it is necessary to reflect whether this ND is being developed for the first time or to replace the existing one.

If the ND is being developed for the first time, then it should be indicated what documents are already available in this area and what caused the need to develop this ND.

If a document is being developed to replace an existing one, it is necessary to state the reasons: revision due to a large number of changes, the emergence of new requirements, the need to take into account international documents etc.

4.1.3 Sections of the developed ND are given in the ToR in accordance with clause 3.1.2 of GOST R 1.5.

The main (basic) sections and subsections of the requirements of the developed RD should be indicated, as well as what applications can be. The names of sections and subsections in the process of developing the RD can be specified and changed in agreement with the customer.

The TOR for the development of RD for terms and definitions (standard, regulations, dictionary) lists the main terms that will be standardized, and indicates the approximate number of terms to be standardized in this document.

4.1.4 In the section "Stages of work and deadlines for their implementation", it is necessary to clearly identify the relevant stages of the development of RD. The stage of collecting, studying and analyzing materials, as a rule, should be combined with the preparation of TOR, the approval of which is considered the completion of this stage.

The normative documents on standardization GOST R 1.2 and OST 45.10 provide for the development of the first and final editions of draft ND. However, depending on the novelty, complexity and volume of the created document, the TOR may provide for the development of an intermediate (second) version of the draft ND.

4.1.5 The list of organizations (enterprises) specified in the TOR, to which the draft RD for review will be sent, must be complete enough to ensure the high quality of the document being developed.

This list includes not only organizations (enterprises) of the industry, but also interested organizations (enterprises) of other industries and departments.

4.2 Development of draft ND

4.2.1 Standard (ND), after being put into effect for a long period of time, establishes certain requirements and contributes to improving the quality of products, services and services in a particular area.

Regulatory documents of the industry are used not only by specialists in this industry, but also by industries that come into contact with it. Therefore, the presentation of the requirements and provisions of the RD should be clear and concise, understandable to a wide range of users, not allowing for various interpretations, free from technicalism, professionalism, etc. The creation of a ND is a labor-intensive job that should be entrusted to the most experienced specialists in this particular field of communication, who know the requirements of state laws, standards, regulations and have a broad outlook in various areas knowledge.

4.2.2 The quality and content of the first edition of the draft ND reflects the level of training and qualifications of the specialists of the developer organization.

The first edition must be reviewed by the scientific and technical departments, as well as checked by the standardization department of the developer organization

The first editions of draft RDs on the requirements for parameters, test methods and measurements must be considered in metrological service this organization in order to determine the literacy of the task specifications and the correctness of the use of units of physical quantities and measuring instruments. After that, it is expedient to consider and adopt the first editions of the ND drafts at the section of the NTS on standardization, if any, or another competent technical body of the developer organization, which is reflected in the protocol attached to the first edition.

4.2.3 The practice of distributing materials, which are mechanically rewritten methods, specifications, translations of ITU recommendations, etc., as the first editions of draft RDs, etc., without serious development of the project in accordance with the requirements of GOST R1.0, GOST R1, should not be allowed. 5 and OST 45.10.

It is very difficult to prepare an opinion on draft RDs that have not been worked out in accordance with the requirements of these documents due to the numerous shortcomings and comments in them. As a rule, organizations that have received these drafts either do not consider them, or give a biased and formal conclusion that does not reflect the true level of preparation of the draft of this document.

4.2.4 After receiving the draft ND for review, interested organizations review the draft, draw up a conclusion in which they state comments and proposals on the project as a whole, sections, subsections, paragraphs, subparagraphs and annexes in the order of presentation of the text of the RD.

With a large number of shortcomings in the draft ND, the official review contains comments and suggestions on characteristic shortcomings, and private comments and suggestions can be given on the text of the draft.

4.2.5 The first (intermediate) and final versions of draft RDs must be sent for review to all organizations (enterprises) indicated in the terms of reference.

The final version of the draft is sent for review and approval with summaries of feedback, which reflect the agreed decisions on the comments and suggestions noted in previous editions, as well as with other documents provided for by OST 45.10.

4.3 Attitude towards the development of ND

4.3.1 Rejection by the ND developer of comments and suggestions must be justified.

The development organization cannot take a sole decision to reject this or that comment or proposal without the consent of the organization that put forward them, or by decision of the conciliation meeting. An exception may be comments and suggestions that contradict state laws and standards, or clearly unacceptable because of their absurdity.

In the summary of reviews after the conclusion "rejected" (or "not accepted") and justification, there should be a note on the agreement and removal of this disagreement.

The ND developer should not unconditionally accept all comments and suggestions - if he is sure that he is right, he is obliged to defend his position.

4.3.2 Specialists of the developer organization, when analyzing feedback on draft ND, are obliged to consider all comments and suggestions without exception. According to the accepted comments and suggestions, the developer makes changes to the draft RD. In order to avoid the repetition of the same comments and suggestions in the next editions of the draft RD, the developers are obliged to consider them regardless of the paragraph to which they relate, in relation to all paragraphs of the project where these comments and suggestions may be repeated.

4.3.3 The terms for consideration of draft ND by organizations (enterprises) to which they were sent for review are defined in OST 45.10 and must be strictly adhered to.

However, the specialists of the organization developing the ND are obliged to take care of the timely consideration and approval of their projects by the organizations to which they are sent for review or approval. This is achieved by early (1.5-2 months before the expiration of the stage) sending projects for review or approval, as well as establishing a relationship between the developers of the development and the specialists who are entrusted with reviewing the project.

4.3.4 The RD developer, at its own discretion and in agreement with the customer, based on the feasibility of improving the quality of the project, has the right to send it for review to other organizations not provided for in the TOR.

The customer of the ND can also offer the developer to expand the list of organizations to which, in his opinion, it is necessary to additionally send the draft ND for review.

4.3.5 The final draft RD with a summary of reviews and documentation provided for by OST 45.10 is submitted for approval to the customer only after agreement with all organizations specified in the TOR. Submission of the agreed project for approval to the customer can be considered as the completion of the work.

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INTRODUCTION

Changing economic conditions lead to the improvement of the legislation of the Russian Federation, which entails a change in the system of regulatory documents and predetermines a different approach to their development.

In the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" appeared, new category documents in the field of standardization - standards of organizations. From point of view practical application in a particular organization, they are the primary governing documents, which, taking into account the relevant specifics, legally fix local requirements, norms and rules necessary to ensure the organization's activities in the field of technical regulation. The course work will consider the goals and benefits of this category of standards.

aim term paper is the analysis of the procedure for the development of regulatory documents, on the example of the standards of the organization. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set:

1. Analyze changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation;

2. Study the role of standardization in the law "On technical regulation";

3. Explore a new system of normative documentation in the field of standardization;

4. Highlight goals and point out the benefits of the organization's standards;

5. Conduct an analysis of the development of a regulatory document, using the example of an organization's standard;

6. Draw up the steps in the procedure for developing an organization standard.

1. THEORETICAL PART

1.1 Changes in Russian legislation

Joined July 1, 2003 The Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Technical Regulation" has determined a new system for establishing and applying requirements for products, production processes, works and services. The law is aimed at creating the foundations for a unified policy in the areas of technical regulation, standardization and certification that meets modern international requirements. As a result of the adoption of the law, new legal acts have appeared, primarily technical regulations, which significantly change the daily economic life of the Russian Federation. The main instruments of technical regulation will be technical regulations, which are binding rules introduced by federal laws, national standards - rules for voluntary use, conformity assessment procedures, accreditation, state control and supervision.

The Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Technical Regulation" is aimed at creating a mechanism for ensuring the protection of life and health of citizens, environmental protection, defense and national security countries. The formation of a set of technical regulations in the country is primarily aimed at protecting national scientific and technical developments and using the results of scientific and technical activities in the interests of the national economy, i.e. to ensure technological safety states.

The main goal of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Technical Regulation" is to create the basis for a unified policy in the field of standardization and certification. As a result of the adoption of the law, a constellation of new norms appeared in the domestic legal field, which significantly change the economic life of the country. This law can be called the "Constitution for Industry": it cancels the laws "On Standardization" and "On Certification of Products and Services" and a number of other regulations. The law requires amendments and additions to a significant number of documents of the current legislation, including up to 50 federal laws and more than 60 thousand normative and legal acts: orders, orders and resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation and ministries and departments. They are known as GOSTs, OSTs, SNIPs, SanPiNs, fire and veterinary safety standards, etc. All of them will remain in effect until they are replaced by the relevant technical regulation.

An equally important goal of the adoption of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Technical Regulation" is to bring Russian standardization and certification procedures in line with the requirements of the World Trade Organization (WTO) - World Trade Organization (WTO), and first of all, with the requirements of the WTO Agreement on technical barriers in trade. This law counteracts the transformation of national standards and various technical requirements to products and services as an instrument of protectionism in relation to any groups of commodity producers. Harmonization national system standardization with the international facilitates the entry of Russian high-tech products to world markets, allows you to organize cooperation in its production by subcontractors from developed countries.

From the date of entry into force of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" (since July 1, 2003), the Law of the Russian Federation "On Standardization" has lost its force and all legal framework standardization turned out to be concentrated in the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation".

The new Federal Law regulates relations arising from the establishment of both mandatory requirements and voluntary rules and characteristics in relation to products, processes (methods) of production, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal, performance of work or provision of services, as well as the assessment compliance.

Some new concepts have been introduced in the terminological part of the law: “technical regulation” is defined as “a document that has been adopted international treaty of the Russian Federation, ratified or in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation, or federal law, or a decree of the President of the Russian Federation, or a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, and establishes mandatory requirements for the application and implementation of requirements for objects of technical regulation (products, including buildings, structures and facilities, processes of production, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal)”.

Some well-known terms are given an interpretation that is unusual for Russian specialists: the standard is defined as a document intended for voluntary use. This completely contradicts the thesis of the Soviet times: "non-compliance with standards is punishable by law." The law provides the following types such documents: international or national standard and organization standard.

The law sets out in detail the provisions relating to a new type of regulatory documents - technical regulations. They are accepted only in order to protect the life or health of citizens, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property; protection of the environment, life or health of animals and plants, as well as prevention of actions that mislead purchasers. Adoption of technical regulations for other purposes is not allowed. When developing technical regulations, international or national standards can be used.

1.2 Standardization in the new law. Key points

AT modern world standards exist in a dynamic and changing environment. The globalization of markets, the emergence of new business sectors, faster development and shorter product life cycles, as well as the increasing interpenetration of technologies, are leading to the fact that the national and international standardization face a host of new and increasingly pressing challenges.

In the face of these challenges, the definition of a national standardization strategy is a necessary response to the changing situation and new demands of the domestic economy and the globalized world. The strategic goals of standardization for many countries have a common basis, but the stages of their implementation are determined by the development of the national economy. Standardization as one of the elements of technical regulation can provide a worthy contribution to economic development countries, but at the same time the role and principles of standardization in the context of reforming Russian economy should be adequate to the ongoing changes and consistent with international practice - this is very important in our time.

Consider the main definitions in the field of standardization:

Standardization - the activity of establishing rules and characteristics for the purpose of their voluntary reusable aimed at achieving orderliness in the spheres of production and circulation of products and increasing competitiveness, works and services.

The object of standardization is the product, work, process and services subject to or subject to standardization.

In the process of labor activity, a specialist has to solve systematically recurring tasks: measuring and accounting for the quantity of products, compiling technical and management documentation, measurement of parameters of technological operations, control of finished products, packaging, etc. There are various options for solving these problems. The purpose of standardization is to identify the most correct and economical option, i.e. finding the optimal solution. In order for the best solution to achieve ordering in a certain area, it is necessary that this best solution becomes the property of a large number of enterprises and specialists. Only with the universal and repeated use of the best solution to existing and potential problems is the economic effect of the ordering carried out possible.

If the main goal of technical regulation is to protect the life and health of citizens, to protect the environment, then the application of standards is primarily aimed at increasing the competitiveness of products.

The main result of standardization work is the adoption of such a regulatory document as a standard.

1.3 Strategic goals of standardization

The strategic goals of standardization for many countries have a common basis, but the stages of their implementation are determined by the development of the national economy. In the Russian Federation, the following main goals of standardization can be distinguished:

Facilitating the achievement by the Russian Federation of the position of one of the leading economic terms countries;

Ensuring national, environmental, technical and technological security in the Russian Federation;

Improving the quality and competitiveness of products, works and services, including on the international market;

Reducing the burden on the legislation of the Russian Federation by maximizing the use by the state of the competence of the private sector and the business community, implemented in national standards;

Promoting the globalization of trade relations and the elimination of technical barriers to trade;

Facilitating the preservation of priority markets for Russian industrial enterprises, trade, economic, scientific, technical and technological partnership with the CIS countries;

Promoting the interpenetration of technologies, knowledge and experience accumulated in various sectors of the economy through standards.

1.4 Standardization functions

Having considered the goals of standardization, let's move on to its functions. Standardization has 4 main functions:

1. The economic function expresses itself through the contribution of standardization to scientific and technological progress, since it has an active influence on all components production process, contributes to the improvement of objects and means of labor, technology and labor itself. With the help of regulatory documents, an unjustified variety of parts, products, materials, technological processes is prevented, their rational nomenclature is established, optimal parametric and size ranges are determined, a high level of interchangeability is ensured, and optimal quality characteristics are established.

2. The information function of standardization manifests itself through the creation of regulatory documents, classifiers and product catalogs, reference measures, etc.

3. social function standardization is manifested through the inclusion in regulatory documents and the achievement in production of such indicators of the quality of products and services that would promote health care, meet sanitary and hygienic standards and the possibility of environmental waste disposal.

4. The communicative function expresses itself through the achievement of mutual understanding in society through the exchange of information. This is served by standardized terms, interpretations of concepts, symbols, uniform rules for the design of business, design and technological documentation.

1.5 Documents in the field of standardization of the Russian Federation

The Law "On Technical Regulation" changed not only legal status standards, but also the documentary basis of standardization. Previously, according to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Standardization", regulatory documents in the field of standardization included:

1. state standards of the Russian Federation;

2. international (regional) standards;

4. all-Russian classifiers of technical and economic information;

5. industry standards;

6. enterprise standards;

7. standards of scientific and technical, engineering societies and other public associations.

According to Article 13 "Documents in the field of standardization" of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" dated December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ, documents in the field of standardization used in the territory of the Russian Federation include:

1. national standards;

3. applied in in due course classifications, all-Russian classifiers of technical, economic and social information;

4. organization standards;

5. codes of practice (introduced by Federal Law No. 65-FZ of May 1, 2007).

Standards of industries and standards of scientific and technical, engineering societies and other public associations have been excluded from the current list, national standards have taken the place of state standards, and standards of organizations have taken the place of enterprise standards. Importantly, codes of practice have also been added to this list.

Each of the documents in the field of standardization listed in this article has its own fundamental features that reflect the essence, legal status, conditions and procedure for development and application. First of all, it should be noted that neither the standardization rules nor the recommendations should duplicate the provisions of the national standards of the Russian Federation. The rules (norms) for standardization and the all-Russian classifiers of technical, economic and social information are, by their nature, mandatory documents for use, which directly follows from their definition.

Consider each document separately and identify the main features:

1. National standards.

National standard - a standard approved by the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization, in which, for the purpose of voluntary reuse, product characteristics, rules for the implementation and characteristics of the processes of production, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal, performance of work or provision of services are established.

In accordance with the Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of January 30, 2004 N 4 "On National Standards" from the day the Law "On Technical Regulation" came into force, state and interstate standards adopted by the State Standard of Russia before July 1, 2003 are recognized as national standards. The requirements for products and related processes established by the indicated national standards before the entry into force of the relevant technical regulations are subject to mandatory execution only in the part corresponding to the goals specified in paragraph 1 of Article 46 of the Law "On Technical Regulation".

2. Rules (norms) of standardization.

According to GOST R 1.12-2004, standardization rules designate a regulatory document that establishes organizational and methodological provisions that are mandatory for use, which supplement or specify certain provisions of the fundamental national standard and determine the procedure and methods for performing standardization work.

The standardization rules are developed, if necessary, to specify (detail) certain provisions of the fundamental organizational and methodological or general technical national standard of the Russian Federation that is appropriate for its intended purpose, and also if it is inappropriate to develop an organizational and methodological national standard of the Russian Federation, when the scope of such a document is limited only to organizations and structural divisions Rostekhregulirovaniya.

In accordance with the provisions of GOST R 1.12-2004, recommendations in the field of standardization are documents containing organizational and methodological advice that relate to standardization work and contribute to the application of the fundamental national standard or contain provisions that it is advisable to first check in practice before they are established in fundamental national standard.

Recommendations for standardization are developed if it is expedient to preliminary check in practice the organizational and methodological provisions that have not yet become established (have not yet become standard) in the relevant field, that is, before the adoption of the national standard of the Russian Federation, in which these provisions can be established.

4. Classifications applied in accordance with the established procedure, all-Russian classifiers of technical, economic and social information.

From the provisions of GOST R 1.12-2004, it follows that the all-Russian classifier (technical, economic and social information) must be understood as a regulatory document developed and adopted in accordance with the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" that establishes a systematic list of names and codes of objects of classification and (or ) classification groups and adopted at the appropriate level of standardization.

In order to implement the provisions of the Law "On Technical Regulation", the Government of the Russian Federation approved the Regulations on the development, adoption, implementation, maintenance and application of all-Russian classifiers of technical, economic and social information in the socio-economic field. This Regulation establishes the procedure for the development, adoption, implementation, maintenance and application of the all-Russian classifiers of technical, economic and social information in the socio-economic field, including in the field of forecasting, statistical accounting, banking and taxation, in interdepartmental information exchange, creation information systems and information resources.

5. Standards of organizations.

The standard of the organization within the framework of GOST R 1.12-2004 is understood as a standard approved and applied by the organization for the purposes of standardization, as well as for improving production and ensuring the quality of products, performing work, providing services, as well as for disseminating and using research results obtained in various fields of knowledge (tests), measurements and developments.

Taking into account the general target orientation of standardization as one of the main elements of technical regulation, standardization activities in each specific organization should be aimed at improving the quality and safety of products, related processes, works and services, and, in general, at achieving the maximum economic effect, provided taking into account the advanced achievements of science and technology through the application of requirements in the standards developed and approved in the organization.

6. Codes of rules.

The most common of these are documents in the field of construction, including building codes and rules (SNiP), codes of practice for design and construction (SP), as well as documents in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population (sanitary norms and rules - SanPiNy ), fire safety standards.

Prior to the adoption of the Law "On Technical Regulation", SNiPs and SPs had a clearly defined legal status of regulatory documents, the requirements of which were, respectively, mandatory and recommendatory in nature. However, the Law changed this status, fixing in Article 2 a single concept of a "set of rules" as a document in the field of standardization, the application of which is carried out on a voluntary basis. In addition to this, it should be added that SNiPs adopted before the entry into force of this Law and not officially canceled are subject to mandatory execution (along with other similar norms) in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 46 of the Federal Law "On Technical regulation".

In connection with latest changes legislation, the documents in the field of standardization also include:

International standards, regional standards, regional codes of practice, standards of foreign states and codes of rules of foreign states registered in the Federal Information Fund of Technical Regulations and Standards (introduced by Federal Law No. 385-FZ of December 30, 2009);

Properly certified translations into Russian of international standards, regional standards, regional codes of practice, standards of foreign states and codes of rules of foreign states, registered by the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization (introduced by Federal Law of December 30, 2009 N 385-FZ) .

2. STANDARDS OF ORGANIZATIONS

standard normative document regulation

The Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" has a new category of documents in the field of standardization - standards of organizations. Article 17 of the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation” is devoted to them, in clause 1 of which it is revealed how the term organizations should be understood, including commercial, public, scientific, self-regulatory organizations, associations of legal entities.

The standard of organizations is a document in which, for the purpose of voluntary reuse, product characteristics, implementation rules and characteristics of design, production, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, sale, performance of work or provision of services are established.

The concept of "organization" used in the Federal Law covers all those organizations that in the current Federal Law "On Standardization" were called enterprises, their associations, scientific, technical and engineering societies, as well as other associations.

In accordance with the Federal Law, the standards of organizations actually occupy the lowest hierarchical level in common system standardization documents used on the territory of the Russian Federation, which does not detract from either their significance or practical value. From the point of view of practical application in a particular organization, they are the primary governing documents, which, taking into account the relevant specifics, legally fix local requirements, norms and rules necessary to ensure the organization's activities in the field of technical regulation.

The standards of organizations can be developed for the products used in this organization, the processes and services provided in it, as well as for products created and supplied by this organization to the domestic and foreign markets, for work performed by this organization on the side, and services provided by it on the side in accordance with the concluded agreements.

2.1 Objects of standardization within the organization

The objects of standardization within the organization include:

processes of organization and management of production;

components (parts and assembly units) of the developed or manufactured products;

management processes;

technological equipment and tools;

· technological processes, as well as general technological norms and requirements, taking into account the safety for the life and health of citizens, the environment and property;

methods and techniques for designing, testing, measuring and (or) analyzing;

services provided within the organization (including social);

· nomenclature of raw materials, materials, components used in the organization;

Processes for performing work at stages life cycle products.

In the form of standards of organizations, it is also possible to reflect issues related to ensuring compliance with the requirements of technical regulations and the use of national standards in a particular organization. Russian standards, international and interstate standards, national standards of other countries, as well as standards of other organizations.

The main objects for the standards of organizations are products and services that are the result of the work of organizations. It is not excluded the development of organization standards for fundamentally new types of products, processes, services, test methods obtained as a result of scientific research (for non-traditional technologies, principles of organization and management of production and other activities, as well as for the purpose of disseminating and using the results of fundamental and applied research received in various fields of knowledge and areas of professional interests). Such standards of the organization, as a rule, are focused on external application.

As subjects - potential developers of standards of organizations, there are organizations, which are understood as legal entities that own, manage or operational management separate property and liable for their obligations with this property, capable of acquiring and exercising property and personal non-property rights on their own behalf, incurring obligations, being plaintiffs and defendants in court, as well as having an independent balance sheet or estimate and duly registered as such. The Federal Law refers to such organizations: commercial, public, scientific, self-regulatory organizations.

2.2 Objectives and benefits of developing organizational standards

The goals of developing standards for organizations are similar to those for creating national standards. These goals are indicated in Article 11 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation". In addition, the provisions of the article under consideration provide for the development of standards for organizations in order to:

Improvement of production;

Ensuring the quality of products, performance of work and provision of services;

Dissemination and use of knowledge obtained in various fields, research results, measurements and developments.

The general goals of standardization (according to Article 11 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation") include:

Increasing the level of safety of life or health of citizens, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property, environmental safety, safety of life or health of animals and plants;

Facilitate compliance with the requirements of technical regulations;

Increasing the security level of facilities, taking into account the risk of emergencies natural and man-made character;

Ensuring scientific and technological progress;

Increasing the competitiveness of products, works and services;

Rational use of resources;

Technical and information compatibility;

Comparability of the results of research (tests) and measurements, technical and economic-statistical data;

Product interchangeability.

Thus, in any organization it is possible to identify a significant number of tasks that it is advisable to solve with the help of standardization carried out at the level of this organization, based on the definition of the term standardization.

The advantage of standardization at the organization level (over national standardization) is the ability to establish its own clear rules for the development and application of its own standards, taking into account the specifics of the structure of the organization and (or) its area of ​​activity.

There are other types of text documents designed to solve the same problems as standards. These documents at the level of organizations include: various instructions (including technological ones), rules, norms, regulations, specifications, test methods, guidelines, regulations (including technological ones), recommendations.

General rules for construction, presentation, design and notation certain types documents are established at the national level (first of all, in the interstate standards that are in force in the Russian Federation as national standards). Since these standards are often included in sets of standards (in this case unified system design documentation (ESKD) and the Unified System of Technological Documentation (ESTD)), they are characterized by excessive complexity of structure and content, and in addition, they are focused mainly on large enterprises, primarily machine-building and instrument-making industries. Moreover, the forms of documents established in these standards have long been outdated, since most enterprises draw up, store and transfer such documentation to in electronic format.

Article 46 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" abolished the need to comply with the requirements for products and their production processes established in the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and regulatory documents of federal bodies executive power, with the exception of those directed to:

To protect the life or health of citizens, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property;

To protect the environment, including the life and health of animals and plants;

To prevent actions that mislead purchasers.

Therefore, now it is easier for most enterprises to independently solve the tasks of a technical nature facing them, using their own standardization system for this. At the same time, it should be taken into account that, in accordance with clause 1, article 17 of the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation”, the procedure for developing, approving, accounting, changing and canceling the standards of organizations is established by them independently, taking into account the provisions of article 12 of the Federal Law, and in accordance with clause 2 article 17 of this law, the standards of organizations apply regardless of who is the manufacturer, performer, seller, purchaser.

Own standards of the organization can be not only for enterprises - manufacturers of products, but also for organizations (enterprises) - consumers of products. In such standards, it is possible to establish requirements for the products purchased by the organization. In this case, manufacturers will be guided by these requirements and, having concluded an early contract for the supply of relevant products with reference to the standard of the consumer organization, will begin its production according to this standard.

The new status of organization standards allows this category to be used instead of industry standards and specifications in cases where these documents are developed by industry research organizations for distribution to enterprises in this industry. The transition to the standards of organizations will simplify the procedure for approving the documents being developed, since there will be no need for their approval, approval and (or) registration with the relevant federal executive authorities, as was the case for industry standards.

The standards of organizations should not contradict the requirements of technical regulations, as well as national standards developed to facilitate compliance with the requirements of technical regulations. The standards of organizations also cannot contradict national standards that ensure the application of international standards of ISO, IEC and other international organizations to which the Russian Federation has joined, as well as standards developed to ensure the fulfillment of international obligations of the Russian Federation.

The requirements of the organization's standards are subject to compliance in the organization that approved this standard, and its structural divisions (in the case of corporate or departmental subordination) from the moment (date) the standard is put into effect. The requirements of the organization's standards for products, processes, works and services are subject to compliance by other entities as well. entrepreneurial activity and acquirers, but only if those organization standards are specified in the accompanying technical documentation manufacturer (supplier) of products, performer of works and services in the agreement (contract).

An organization standard developed and approved by one organization can be used by another organization in its own interests only under an agreement with the organization that approved it, which, if necessary, provides for a provision for obtaining information about subsequent changes to the standard.

To date, the standards of organizations are an important tool on the way to modernizing the domestic regulatory framework in the field of technical regulation. Organizations that have developed and approved a standard for products supplied to the domestic or foreign market may, if necessary, submit their proposals for the development of national standards based on their own. The procedure for submitting and formalizing proposals in this case is carried out in accordance with GOST R 1.2-2004. In this regard, organizations should make the most of the opportunity provided by the Federal Law - the development and active testing of their own organization standards, since it is they that reflect the basic requirements for the quality of products, work performed and services provided.

3. PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING THE STANDARD OF THE ORGANIZATION

The development of an organization standard is based on the rules of the national standardization system. The analysis of the development of the standard of organizations was carried out mainly in accordance with the provisions of GOST R 1.4-2004 and GOST R 1.5-2004.

The steps in the organization standard development procedure are shown in Figure 1:

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Figure 1. Flowchart of the steps in the procedure for developing an organization standard.

1. Organizational preparation.

The development and implementation of the standard begins with the issuance by the director of this organization of an order to create a working group and approve the standard development plan. The order form is given in Appendix A.

The working group includes specialists with different information about the object of standardization and different experience.

The standard development plan is approved on a calendar basis, with a description of the main activities, responsible executors and the date of completion. The form of the plan is shown in Table 1:

Table 1 - Form of the organization standard development plan.

The head of the body conducting standardization, or one of his deputies, as well as the head of this organization can be the head of the working group.

2. Collection of information.

The collection of information is aimed at determining the regulatory requirements for the object of standardization, improving the quality of development through the use of existing experience in standardizing this object and reducing the volume of research on its issues.

The content of the information to be collected approved by the working group, and at a minimum should include:

Regulatory requirements for a standardized object of the organization;

standards (draft standards) of similar objects of organizations;

the results of research conducted to identify the problems of this object of the organization, as well as its solution;

quality indicators applicable to the standardized object of the organization, and methods for measuring them.

After collecting information working group analyzes the collected information and highlights the data applicable for the development of the draft standard.

3. Information research.

The study is carried out to confirm the applicability of the data obtained at the previous stage when collecting information, to obtain data on the existing problem of the standardization object and to obtain the missing information needed to solve this problem.

During the study of information, the working group also determines the goals for the development of this standard, which largely determine the future of the project. Article 11 of the Federal Law establishes that standardization is carried out in order to increase the level of safety of humans, animals, plants, property, objects, as well as:

· ensuring scientific and technological progress;

· increasing the competitiveness of products, works, services;

rational use of resources;

· technical and information compatibility;

· comparability of results of researches (tests);

product interchangeability.

Paragraph 1 of Article 17 of the Law "On Technical Regulation" states that the goals of developing standards for organizations include the general goals of standardization, which are established in Article 11, as well as:

- improvement of production;

- ensuring the quality of products, performance of work and provision of services;

- dissemination and use of the results of research (tests), measurements and developments obtained in various fields of knowledge.

4. Development of a draft standard.

The development of organization standards is carried out taking into account national standards of general technical systems, as well as other national standards that apply to products manufactured by the organization, work performed by it or services provided.

The procedure for developing, approving, accounting, changing and canceling the standard of the organization is established by it independently, taking into account the provisions of Art. 12 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation".

According to clause 4.10 of GOST R 1.4-2004, it follows that when establishing procedures for the development and approval of an organization's standard, it is advisable to provide for:

Creation of conditions for free participation in the discussion of the draft standard for a wide range of employees of interested structural divisions of the organization, and when developing a standard for products supplied to the domestic and (or) foreign market, for work performed by the organization on the side, or for the services it provides on the side - representatives of other organizations, customers and (or) purchasers of the supplied products, work performed and services rendered;

When developing an organization standard for products that can be supplied to federal state needs, - approval of the draft of this standard with the state customer, approved in the manner prescribed by federal law.

According to paragraph 4.12 of GOST R 1.4-2004, the construction, presentation, design and content of organization standards are carried out taking into account GOST R 1.5-2004.

The working group is preparing a draft standard and an explanatory note to it. In the title of the explanatory note, the name of the draft standard and the name of the development stage of the standard are given.

AT explanatory note lead to the draft standard:

The basis for the development of the standard, indicating the relevant document;

Brief description of the object of standardization;

Information on the compliance of the draft standard with the legislation of the Russian Federation, international, regional standards, rules, norms and recommendations for standardization, as well as progressive national standards of other countries;

Information about patent purity draft standard;

Information on the relationship of the draft standard with other regulatory documents on standardization and proposals for their revision, amendment or cancellation;

Information about the approval, if any;

Sources of information.

Depending on the object of standardization, before the examination and approval of the standard, its approbation can be carried out in order to determine the possibility of real application in a given organization.

5. Expertise project, approval and registration of the standard of the organization:

Before approving the organization's standard for products supplied to the domestic and (or) foreign market, for work performed by the organization on the side, or for the services it provides on the side, its examination is carried out (including examination for compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, current technical regulations and national standards, as well as scientific and technical, metrological, legal, patent examinations, normative control).

The rules for the examination and (or) normative control of the draft standard can be included in the standard dedicated to general procedure development of organizational standards. It should be noted that in paragraph 1 of article 17 of the law "On technical regulation" it is established: "The organization's draft standard can be submitted by the developer to the appropriate technical committee for standardization, which organizes the examination of this project. Based on the results of the examination of this draft standard, the technical committee for standardization prepares a conclusion, which is sent to the developer of the draft standard. Consequently, the organization may establish a procedure for the examination of draft standards of this organization, with the involvement (on a contractual basis) of specialists from the technical committee for standardization or its subcommittee.

Organization standards are approved personal signature the head of this organization or a separate organizational and administrative document (order, order, resolution, etc.). At the same time, it is indicated which documents are submitted together with the draft standard for its approval.

The organization develops separate rules for the procedure for registering approved standards. To do this, it is established which division carries out registration, as well as the method of its introduction, for example, to take the form of a logbook of the organization's standard. The designation of the approved organization standard includes the abbreviation of the words "organization standard" (STO), code according to All-Russian classifier enterprises and organizations OK 007, which allows you to identify the organization that developed the standard, as well as the year the standard was approved.

6. Development of rules for updating the standard of the organization.

The next stage in the development of an organization's standard is the approval of the rules for updating it. The standard of the organization is subject to updating, in cases where it:

Came into conflict with Federal Laws, technical regulations, other regulatory legal acts the Russian Federation and its subjects, the requirements of the national standards of the Russian Federation or interstate standards acting in this capacity;

Does not ensure the achievement of the goals of standardization established in Articles 11 and 17 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation";

Contradicts the content of a newly developed or other updated standard, as well as when these standards may duplicate each other;

Contradicts newly concluded agreements, contracts, agreements with third parties.

The standard of the organization is also subject to cancellation in cases approved by its developer (working group), in addition, it may be subject to updating at the suggestion of structural divisions of the organization or third-party organizations applying this standard.

When developing the rules for updating the organization's standards, criteria are established for choosing the forms of updating: in which cases it is enough to make changes to the current standard, and in which it is necessary to revise it (to develop and approve new standard instead of the current one).

7. Establishing the procedure for canceling the standard of the organization.

At this stage, the procedure for canceling the standard should be approved. The developer establishes the procedure for canceling the organization's standard, as well as the criteria for its cancellation. The current standard of the organization is canceled under the following conditions:

In connection with the termination of the processes for the production of products, the performance of work, the provision of services carried out according to this standard;

When developing instead of this standard, another standard (standards);

When the object and (or) aspect of standardization, which was covered by the standard, became the object and (or) aspect of standardization at a higher (national or interstate) level;

In other justified cases, when the standard has lost its relevance due to a change in the economic situation.

In cases approved by the working group.

The developer (working group) also establishes to which structural unit of the organization the proposal to cancel the standard should be sent, how the consideration of this proposal should be organized and the possibility of canceling the standard is agreed so as not to harm the units and organizations applying this standard. The developer is also recommended to establish a procedure for formalizing the cancellation of the organization's standard, registering this decision and bringing the relevant information to the structural units and third-party organizations that applied this standard.

After completion of the described stages of development of the standard of the organization, its implementation is carried out. Responsibility for the implementation of the standard lies with one of the deputy heads of the standardization department. Under it, a working group on the implementation of the standard can be created, which will deal with methodological assistance and inspection.

CONCLUSION

The purpose of this course work was to analyze the procedure for developing regulatory documents in the light of changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation. In the course of the work done, the role of standardization in the law "On Technical Regulation" was studied, a new system of regulatory documentation in this area was investigated, and the goals and benefits of changes were highlighted, using the organization's standards as an example. It was found that these standards are an important tool on the way to modernizing the domestic regulatory framework in the field of technical regulation.

In the practical part of the work, an analysis was made of the development of an organization standard. In the course of the analysis, it was found that organizations, being independent and responsible for the results of their activities, determine the procedure for developing, approving, accounting, changing and canceling the organization's standard.

The transition to the standards of organizations has simplified the procedure for approving the documents being developed, since there is no need for their coordination, approval and registration with the relevant federal executive authorities. Now it has become easier for organizations to independently solve the tasks of a technical nature facing them, using their own standardization system for this.

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

1. On technical regulation: federal law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002. Adopted by the State. Duma December 15, 2002 // Russian newspaper. -2002. -3245.

2. On standardization: federal law No. 5154-1 of June 10, 1993 // [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: URL: http://www.consultant.ru/online/base/?req=doc;base=LAW;n=40538

3. Technical regulation as a mechanism for ensuring the technological security of the Russian Federation / V. Gruzdov // Standards and quality. - 2003.- №3. - S. 38-44.

4. Metrology, standardization and certification: textbook - 2nd ed. / Yu.I.Borisov [and others]. - M. : FORUM: INFRA-M, 2009. - 336 p.

5. On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation”: Federal Law No. 65-FZ dated May 1, 2007. Adopted by the State. Duma April 6, 2007 // [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: URL: http://www.consultant.ru/online/base/?req=doc;base=LAW;n=95780#p106

6. On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation”: Federal Law No. 385-FZ dated December 30, 2009. Adopted by the State. Duma December 23, 2009 // [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: URL: http://www.consultant.ru/online/base/?req=doc;base=LAW;n=95721#p62

7. GOST R 1.4-2004. Standardization in the Russian Federation. Organization standards. - Input. 2004-30-12. - M.: Publishing house of standards, 2005. - 8 p. : ill.

8. GOST R 1.5-2004. Standardization in the Russian Federation. National standards of the Russian Federation. Rules of construction, presentation, design and designation. - Input. 2004-30-12. - M. : Publishing house of standards, 2005. - 32 p. : ill.

9. GOST R 1.2-2004. Standardization in the Russian Federation. National standards of the Russian Federation. Rules for development, approval, updating and cancellation. - Input. 2004-30-12. - M. : Publishing house of standards, 2005. - 16 p. : ill.

10. The standard of the organization - a non-standard option / Y. Bernovsky // Standards and quality. - 2007.- No. 5. - S. 32-35.

11. Again about standardization in the current law / S. Sokolov // Standards and quality 2008.- №6. - S. 34-38.

12. Standardization and product quality management: textbook / Shvandar V.A. [and etc.]. - M. : UNITI-DANA, 1999. - 487 p.

13. Technology for the development of standards and normative documents: - tutorial/ V. V. Koltunov, I. A. Kuznetsova, Yu. P. Popov. - M. : KNORUS, 2008. - 208 p.

14. Standards of organizations: old acquaintances in a new status. / E. Sorokin // Standards and quality. - 2004. - No. 4. - S. 78-84.

15. Commentary on federal law RF "On technical regulation": article by article / V.N. Fomin. - M. : Os-89, 2003.

16. On standardization in the Federal Law "On technical regulation" / S. Sokolov // Standards and quality. - 2007.- No. 12. - S. 47-50.

17. GOST R 1.12-2004. Standardization in the Russian Federation. Terms and Definitions. - Input. 2004-30-12. - M. : Publishing house of standards, 2005. - 15 p. : ill.

18. On technical regulation: federal law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002. Adopted by the State. Duma December 15, 2002 // Russian newspaper. -2002. -3245.

19. On national standards: Decree No. 4 of January 30, 2004 // [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: URL: http://www.consultant.ru/online/base/?req=doc;base=LAW;n=46528

20. Requirements of WTO regulatory documents / N. Khromova // Standards and quality. - 2002. -№10. -p.33-37.

21. Technical regulation - a tool for innovation / I. Aronov // Standards and quality. - 2004. - No. 1. - S. 24 - 26.

22. Harmonization of standards - the main condition for the elimination of technical barriers to trade / P. Gurevich // Standards and quality. - 2002. - No. 2. - From 24 - 27.

23. Practical Tips for the development of national standards / E. Sorokin // Standards and quality. - 2004. - No. 1. - S. 28 - 34.

24. Terminology in the field of standardization and its compliance with the Federal Law "On technical regulation" / E. Sorokin // Standards and quality. - 2003. - No. 9. - S. 28 - 34.

25. Standardization: place and role in the system of technical regulation / S. Pugachev // Standards and quality. - 2003. -№10. - P.42-45.

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Declaration of Conformity– a document certifying the conformity of products put into circulation with the requirements of technical regulations.

Normative document ND- a document that establishes rules, general principles or characteristics relating to various activities or their results.

The main regulatory documents include:

• national standard (In Russia - the State Standard of the Russian Federation - GOST R) - a standard adopted by the national standardization body and accessible to a wide range of consumers;

• industry standard (in Russia - OST);

• enterprise standard (in Russia - STP);
• standard of scientific and technical engineering societies and public associations (in Russia - SRT);

• rules (In Russia - PR);

• recommendations (in Russia - R);

• technical conditions (TS) - in case of reference to them in the contract or agreement.

State standard

Russian Federation (GOST R) - national standard adopted federal agency executive authority for standardization, which is currently State Committee Russian Federation for Standardization and Metrology - Gosstandart of Russia.

State standards establish mandatory safety requirements for a product (service): acceptable levels dangerous and harmful production factors affecting the health and performance of people.

State standards can also establish the main consumer (operational) characteristics and control methods, requirements for packaging, transportation, storage and disposal of the product.

Industry Standards (OST)

Designed for specific industry products. Their requirements comply with the requirements of State Standards. The objects of these standards are products, processes, services, rules for the organization of work, standard designs of products for industry applications, rules for metrological control.

Compliance with the requirements of such standards is carried out at the enterprises that have adopted them, and control over the implementation is organized by the department that applied this or that industry standard.

Enterprise Standards (STP)

Developed and adopted by the enterprise itself. The objects are the components of the manufactured products (raw materials, semi-finished products), technological equipment and standards of the production process, tools, etc.

Standards of scientific and technical, engineering societies and other public associations (STO) - STO objects are:

1. fundamentally new (pioneer) types of products and services;
2. new test methods, examination methodology;
3. non-traditional technologies for the development, manufacture, storage and new principles of organization and management of production;
4. other activities.

The development of fundamentally new types of products (services), non-traditional technologies, test methods is the result of research. Now this function is performed by scientific, technical and engineering societies. STO is an object copyright, and selling it as intellectual property customers of the standard financially strengthens both the NTO itself and the developers of the service station.

Service stations are subject to agreement with the relevant supervisory authorities, if established in them, the provisions affect the safety of people, property and the environment.

SRT requirements should not be lower than the level of mandatory requirements of state standards.

Standardization Rules (PR)

A document establishing organizational, technical and (or) general technical provisions, procedures, methods of work performance that are mandatory for application.

A provision containing advice or instructions.

With regard to standardization, this document contains organizational, technical and (or) general technical provisions, procedures, and methods of performing work that are voluntary for use. By their nature, they correspond to the normative documents of the methodological content. They reflect the procedure for coordinating documents, and providing information on accepted industry standards, rules for conducting state control etc.

Specifications (TU)

These documents are usually compiled by the enterprise when it makes sense to create a standard. The object of TS is often a one-time delivery product.

TU - technical document; it is considered normative if it is referred to in a contract or an agreement for the supply of products. The approval of TS is carried out according to PR 50.1.001-93, by the acceptance committee during the acceptance of new products on the basis of an acceptance certificate for a pilot batch.

The requirements established by the technical specifications should not contradict the mandatory requirements of state standards that apply to these products.